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Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture.
A crack growth equation is used for calculating the size of a fatigue crack growing from cyclic loads. The growth of a fatigue crack can result in catastrophic failure, particularly in the case of aircraft. When many growing fatigue cracks interact with one another it is known as widespread fatigue damage. A crack growth equation can be used to ...
In a falling R-curve regime, as a crack propagates, the resistance to further crack propagation drops, and it requires less and less applied in order to achieve each subsequent increment of crack extension . Materials experiencing these conditions would exhibit highly unstable crack growth as soon as any initial crack began to propagate.
Typical plot of crack growth rate with respect to the stress intensity range where the Paris–Erdogan equation fits the central, linear region of Regime B. Paris' law (also known as the Paris–Erdogan equation) is a crack growth equation that gives the rate of growth of a fatigue crack.
In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited. A component's thickness affects the constraint conditions at the tip of a crack with thin components having plane stress conditions and thick components having plane strain ...
Subcritical crack propagation in glasses falls into three regions. In region I, the velocity of crack propagation increases with ambient humidity due to stress-enhanced chemical reaction between the glass and water. In region II, crack propagation velocity is diffusion controlled and dependent on the rate at which chemical reactants can be ...
Intergranular fracture produced by crack propagation along grain boundaries. Embrittlement, or loss of ductility, is often accompanied by a change in fracture mode from transgranular to intergranular fracture. [4] This transition is particularly significant in the mechanism of impurity-atom embrittlement. [4]
Below a certain stress intensity, crack propagation slowly increases until stable crack propagation is reached from higher levels of stress intensity. Higher levels of stress intensity leads to an unstable crack rate as shown in Figure 4. This figure is a log plot of the crack propagation rate versus the max stress intensity example.