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Schistosomiasis belongs to the group of helminth infections. [11] Diagnosis is made by finding the parasite’s eggs in a person's urine or stool. [5] It can also be confirmed by finding antibodies against the disease in the blood. [5] Methods of preventing the disease include improving access to clean water and reducing the number of snails. [5]
Amphistomiasis is typically diagnosed through the identification of eggs or adult trematodes in fecal samples or through endoscopic examination of the intestines. Treatment usually involves anthelmintic medications such as praziquantel , to kill the adult worms and prevent further damage to the intestinal wall.
Due to the wide variety of intestinal parasites, a description of the symptoms rarely is sufficient for diagnosis. Instead, medical personnel use one of two common tests: they search stool samples for the parasites, or apply an adhesive to the anus to search for eggs.
Clinically, affected dogs show a slowly progressive reduction in cardiac and/or pulmonary function. Chronic cough, respiratory distress, food refusal and weight loss, diarrhea, central nervous signs, and tissue hemorrhage are also common symptoms. [33] Diagnosis is made by detection of larva L1 in feces using larval emigration procedures.
It was responsible for an outbreak of pulmonary schistosomiasis, in 1981, in sheep in Rajasthan, leading to considerable mortality. S.indicum caused considerable mortality in the sheep flocks in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka but it was misdiagnosed as Rinder Pest, [3] highlighting the problem of proper diagnosis of the infection in domestic animals.
The 1990–2013 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated 5,500 direct deaths from schistosomiasis, [77] while more than 200,000 people were estimated in 2013 to die annually from causes related to schistosomiasis. [78] Another 20 million have severe consequences from the disease. [79] It is the most deadly of the neglected tropical diseases. [80]
Clinical symptoms are caused by the eggs. As the leading cause of schistosomiasis in the world, it is the most prevalent parasite in humans. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease. As of 2021, the World Health Organization reports that 251.4 million people have schistosomiasis and most of it is due to S. mansoni. [1]
Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes.They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization to be the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria), infecting millions worldwide.