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The biology of depression is the attempt to identify a biochemical origin of depression, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD) . [ 1 ]
Sex is correlated with the prevalence of certain mental disorders, including depression, anxiety and somatic complaints. [1] For example, women are more likely to be diagnosed with major depression, while men are more likely to be diagnosed with substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder. [1]
Although the exact origin of depression is unclear, it is believed to involve biological, psychological, and social aspects. [2] Socioeconomic status, life experience, genetics, and personality traits are believed to be factors in the development of depression and may represent an increased risk of developing a major depressive episode.
[263] [264] About 2–8% of adults with major depression die by suicide. [2] [265] In the US, the lifetime risk of suicide associated with a diagnosis of major depression is estimated at 7% for men and 1% for women, [266] even though suicide attempts are more frequent in women. [267] Depressed people also have a higher rate of dying from other ...
[2] [4] As depression is also associated with pro-inflammatory responses, the suggestion is that the causes of depression are little different from the causes of the autoimmune diseases it is largely co-morbid with, with sanitary environments increasing the risk of excessive inflammation in response to psychosocial stressors just as it is ...
Purging disorder is an eating disorder characterized by the DSM-5 as self-induced vomiting, or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to forcefully evacuate matter from the body. [1] Purging disorder differs from bulimia nervosa (BN) because individuals do not consume a large amount of food before they purge. [2]
Depression, one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders, [2] [3] is being diagnosed in increasing numbers in various segments of the population worldwide. [4] [5] Depression in the United States alone affects 17.6 million Americans each year or 1 in 6 people. Depressed patients are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes ...
[137] [149] Suicide rates are less in women than men (<1% vs. 2.4%), [33] [34] but are a leading cause of death for women under the age of 60. [19] In the United Kingdom, the Women's Mental Health Taskforce was formed aiming to address differences in mental health experiences and needs between women and men. [150]