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Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
The disease is most common in Latin American countries, countries in the Middle East, and South Asia, and least prevalent in China. [149] In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, being at least five times more common than asthma. [150] It is the primary pathological cause of tooth loss in children. [151]
When there is a case of hypodontia of the permanent premolar teeth, the primary molar teeth would often remain in the mouth beyond the time they are meant to be lost. [76] Therefore, with a presence of healthy primary teeth in the absence of a permanent successor, retaining the primary teeth can be a feasible management of hypodontia.
Generally all gingival diseases share common features such as signs and symptoms being restricted to gingiva, clinically detectable inflammation, and the potential for the gum tissues to return to a state of health once the cause is removed, without irreversible loss of attachment of the teeth. [4]
Toothache is the most common type of pain in the mouth or face. [6]: 125–135 It is one of the most common reasons for emergency dental appointments. [7] In 2013, 223 million cases of toothache occurred as a result of dental caries in permanent teeth and 53 million cases occurred in baby teeth. [8]
Acid erosion is a type of tooth wear.It is defined as the irreversible loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. [1] Dental erosion is the most common chronic condition of children ages 5–17, [2] although it is only relatively recently that it has been recognised as a dental health problem. [3]
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While a single excess tooth is relatively common, multiple hyperdontia is rare in people with no other associated diseases or syndromes. [4] Many supernumerary teeth never erupt, but they may delay eruption of nearby teeth or cause other dental or orthodontic problems. [5] [6] Molar-type extra teeth are the most common type. Dental X-rays are ...