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Leonidas I (/ l i ə ˈ n aɪ d ə s,-d æ s /; Ancient Greek: Λεωνίδας, Leōnídas; born c. 540 BC; died 11 August 480 BC) was king of the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. He was the son of king Anaxandridas II and the 17th king of the Agiad dynasty , a Spartan royal house which claimed descent from the mythical demigod Heracles .
Leonidas chose to camp at, and defend, the "middle gate", the narrowest part of the pass of Thermopylae, where the Phocians had built a defensive wall some time before. [55] News also reached Leonidas, from the nearby city of Trachis, that there was a mountain track that could be used to outflank the pass of Thermopylae. Leonidas stationed ...
However, while besieging Kition, Cimon died, and the Athenian force decided to withdraw, winning another double victory at the Battle of Salamis-in-Cyprus to extricate themselves. [195] This campaign marked the end of hostilities between the Delian League and Persia, and therefore the end of the Greco-Persian Wars.
Pleistarchus was born as a prince, likely the only son of King Leonidas I and Queen Gorgo. His grandparents were Kings Anaxandridas II and Cleomenes I. [3] He was born from an avunculate marriage – his parents were uncle and niece. [4] His uncle Cleombrotus was his tutor. [5] Pleistarchus' father King Leonidas perished in 480 BC at the Battle ...
Ephialtes (/ ˌ ɛ f i ˈ æ l t iː z /; Greek: Ἐφιάλτης Ephialtēs) [a] was a Greek renegade during the Greco-Persian Wars.Born to Eurydemus (Εὐρύδημος) of Malis, [1] he betrayed his homeland and people to the Achaemenid Empire by revealing the existence of a path around the Greek coalition's position at Thermopylae. [2]
In 480 BC Leonidas famously died in the Battle of Thermopylae against the Persians and was then succeeded by his son Pleistarchus. Since he was still a child, Pausanias and Euryanax led the Spartan army during the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. During this combat, Euryanax was second in command.
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A bust believed to depict King Leonidas I, Gorgo's husband. After Cleomenes's death in 489 BC, Gorgo was left as his sole heiress. By 490, she was apparently already married to her half-uncle Leonidas I. [11] Despite being the daughter and wife of Spartan kings, Gorgo herself could not be considered a queen, as royal women in Sparta did not typically hold a special role in society.