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2. System File Checker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_File_Checker

   System File Checker was first introduced on Windows 98 as a GUI utility. It offered scanning and restoration of corrupted system files by matching the version number against a database containing the original version number of the files in a fresh Windows 98 installation. This method of file protection was basic.

3. CHKDSK - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHKDSK

   On Windows NT operating systems, CHKDSK can also check the disk surface for bad sectors and mark them (in MS-DOS 6.x and Windows 9x, this is a task done by Microsoft ScanDisk). The Windows Server version of CHKDSK is RAID-aware and can fully recover data in bad sectors of a disk in a RAID-1 or RAID-5 array if other disks in the set are intact. [11]

4. File integrity monitoring - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_integrity_monitoring

   File integrity monitoring (FIM) is an internal control or process that performs the act of validating the integrity of operating system and application software files using a verification method between the current file state and a known, good baseline.

5. TestDisk - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TestDisk

   TestDisk can recover deleted files especially if the file was not fragmented and the clusters have not been reused. There are two file recovery mechanisms in the TestDisk package: [2] TestDisk proper uses knowledge of the filesystem structure to perform "undelete". PhotoRec is a "file carver". It does not need any knowledge of the file system ...

6. Windows Preinstallation Environment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Preinstallation...

   Windows Command Prompt: Gives command-line access to the file system, volumes and files. It can be used to run System File Checker ( sfc /scannow ) against an offline Windows installation and repair missing or corrupt files.

7. Computer virus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus

   Restore points from previous days should work, provided the virus is not designed to corrupt the restore files and does not exist in previous restore points. [117] [118] Microsoft's System File Checker (improved in Windows 7 and later) can be used to check for, and repair, corrupted system files. [119]