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Jean Baptiste André Dumas (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist ɑ̃dʁe dyma]; 14 July 1800 – 10 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities.
Jean-Baptiste Dumas used the terms "physical atoms" and "chemical atoms"; a "physical atom" was a particle that cannot be divided by physical means such as temperature and pressure, and a "chemical atom" was a particle that could not be divided by chemical reactions. [27]
The Dumas method of molecular weight determination was historically a procedure used to determine the molecular weight of an unknown volatile substance. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The method was designed by the French chemist Jean Baptiste André Dumas , after whom the procedure is now named.
In 1826, building on the work of Avogadro, the French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas states: Gases in similar circumstances are composed of molecules or atoms placed at the same distance, which is the same as saying that they contain the same number in the same volume.
French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–84) became one of the more influential opponents of atomic theory, after having embraced it earlier in his career, but was a staunch supporter of equivalent weights.
In analytical chemistry, the Dumas method is a method of elemental analysis for the quantitative determination of nitrogen in chemical substances based on a method first described by Jean-Baptiste Dumas in 1826. [1]
Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Auguste Laurent (an early supporter of radical theory) challenged radical theory in 1840 with a Law of Substitution (or Theory of Substitution). [3] This law acknowledged that any hydrogen atom even as part of a radical could be substituted by a halogen .
Jean Servais Stas: Ghent Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz: France Paris Anselme Payen: Antoine Bussy: Antoine Jérôme Balard: Auguste André Thomas Cahours: Charles Adolphe Wurtz: Edmond Frémy: Eugéne-Melchior Péligot: Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville: Henri Victor Regnault: Jean-Baptiste Boussingault: Jean-Baptiste Dumas: Louis ...