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Nereistoxin is a natural product identified in 1962 as the toxic organic compound N,N-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolan-4-amine.It had first been isolated in 1934 from the marine annelid Lumbriconereis heteropoda and acts by blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. [1]
Hydrogenoxalate or hydrogen oxalate (IUPAC name: 2-Hydroxy-2-oxoacetate) is an anion with chemical formula HC 2 O − 4 or HO−C(=O)−CO − 2, derived from oxalic acid by the loss of a single proton; or, alternatively, from the oxalate anion C 2 O 2− 4 by addition of a proton. The name is also used for any salt containing this anion.
Etofenprox is decomposed in soil by anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. In sterilized soil, little degradation took place in a 56-day test. [5] The principle metabolites do not accumulate and degrade to CO 2. Etofenprox's half-life in aerobic soil is between 7 and 25 days. [6] One study showed it to have a half-life of 3 weeks on bean leaves. [7]
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A salt with this anion is sometimes called an acid oxalate, monobasic oxalate, or hydrogen oxalate. The equilibrium constant (K a) for loss of the first proton is 5.37 × 10 −2 (pK a = 1.27). The loss of the second proton, which yields the oxalate ion, has an equilibrium constant of 5.25 × 10 −5 (pK a = 4.28).
Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.
The ACR is the inverse of the application factor (AF). This makes it easier for regulators to visualize data as whole numbers rather than decimals. The AF is calculated by dividing the Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) by the Lethal Concentration that kills 50% of test organisms in an acute toxicity test .
Fish, Acute Toxicity Test 204: Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study 205: Avian Dietary Toxicity Test 206: Avian Reproduction Test 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test 209: Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation) 210: Fish, Early ...