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System Management Mode (SMM, sometimes called ring −2 in reference to protection rings) [1] [2] is an operating mode of x86 central processor units (CPUs) in which all normal execution, including the operating system, is suspended.
Because LOADALL did not perform any checks on the validity of the data loaded into processor registers, it was possible to load a processor state that could not be normally entered, such as using real mode (PE=0) together with paging (PG=1) on 386-class CPUs. [2] An in-circuit emulator (ICE) is a tool used for low-level debugging. On Intel ...
In Windows Vista and 7: "Minimum processor state" found in "Processor Power Management" of "Advanced Power Settings" should be lower than "100%". Also In Windows Vista and 7 the " Power Saver " power profile allows much lower power state (frequency and voltage) than in the " High Performance " power state.
The CPU power states C0–C3 are defined as follows: C0 is the operating state. C1 (often known as Halt) is a state where the processor is not executing instructions, but can return to an executing state essentially instantaneously. All ACPI-conformant processors must support this power state.
An all-in-one computer (also called an AIO or all-in-one PC) is a type of personal computer that integrates the computer components, such as the CPU, monitor, and speakers, into a single unit. It occupies a smaller footprint than a desktop computer with a tower form factor , and also uses fewer cables.
However, the CPU is only capable of handling one process at a time. Processes that are ready for the CPU are kept in a queue for "ready" processes. Other processes that are waiting for an event to occur, such as loading information from a hard drive or waiting on an internet connection, are not in the ready queue.
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The state-components can be subdivided into two groups: user-state (state-items that are visible to the application, e.g. AVX-512 vector registers), and supervisor-state (state items that affect the application but are not directly user-visible, e.g. user-mode interrupt configuration).