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Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
Wickham striae or Wickham's striae are whitish lines visible in the papules of lichen planus and other dermatoses, typically in the oral mucosa. [1] The microscopic appearance shows hypergranulosis. They are named after Louis Frédéric Wickham. [2] [3]
Lichen planus: A chronic inflammatory disease with different forms of oral presentations. The most classic appearance of lichen planus is the presence of white streaks in inner cheek, tongue, and gum. Desquamative gingivitis can be seen in patients with lichen planus. Biopsy is done for definitive diagnosis of lichen planus. [18] [23]
Desquamative gingivitis is a descriptive clinical term, not a diagnosis. [1] Dermatologic conditions cause about 75% of cases of desquamative gingivitis, and over 95% of the dermatologic cases are accounted for by either oral lichen planus or cicatricial pemphigoid. [1]
Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside the mouth, which can cause pain and make eating, drinking and even speaking uncomfortable. Characterized by symptoms such as burning pain, white patches, swollen tissue and open sores, OLP impacts approximately 6 million Americans and currently ...
[20] [21] The condition resembles oral lichen planus when biopsied. The diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of biopsy tissue: direct immunofluorescence can reveal the presence of antinuclear antibodies specifically directed against the ΔNp63α form of the p63 protein , which is normally expressed within the basal layer of stratified ...
Oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme, aphthous ulcer, pemphigus vulgaris; Heredity; Albuterol (bronchodilator medicine) A painful tongue may be an indication of an underlying serious medical condition and nearly always merits assessment by a physician or dental surgeon.
Diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on the history and clinical appearance. The differential diagnosis includes other oral white lesions such as Leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma, oral candidiasis, lichen planus, white sponge nevus and contact stomatitis. [7] In contrast to pseudomembraneous candidiasis, this white patch cannot be wiped off. [7]