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2. Eddy (fluid dynamics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics)

   Reynolds Experiment (1883). Osborne Reynolds standing beside his apparatus. In 1883, scientist Osborne Reynolds conducted a fluid dynamics experiment involving water and dye, where he adjusted the velocities of the fluids and observed the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, characterized by the formation of eddies and vortices. [5]

3. Bypass transition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bypass_Transition

   A bypass transition is a laminar–turbulent transition in a fluid flow over a surface. It occurs when a laminar boundary layer transitions to a turbulent one through some secondary instability mode, bypassing some of the pre-transitional events that typically occur in a natural laminar–turbulent transition. [a]

4. Hemodynamics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemodynamics

   A Reynolds number of less than 2300 is laminar fluid flow, which is characterized by constant flow motion, whereas a value of over 4000, is represented as turbulent flow. [16] Due to its smaller radius and lowest velocity compared to other vessels, the Reynolds number at the capillaries is very low, resulting in laminar instead of turbulent flow.

5. Heart rate turbulence - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate_turbulence

   Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a baroreflex-mediated adjustment of heart rate which acts as a counter-mechanism to premature ventricular contraction (PVC). [1] It consists of a brief speed-up in heart rate, followed by a slow decrease back to the baseline rate.

6. Laminar–turbulent transition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar–turbulent_transition

   When many random vortices erupt as turbulence onsets, the generalized freezing of laminar slip (laminar interlocking) is associated with noise and a dramatic increase in resistance to flow. This might also explain the parabolic isovelocity profile of laminar flow abruptly changing to the flattened profile of turbulent flow – as laminar slip ...

7. Medical gas therapy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_gas_therapy

   Flow of gas through the airways comprises laminar flow, transitional flow and turbulent flow. The tendency for each type of flow is described by the Reynolds number. Heliox's low density produces a lower Reynolds number and hence higher probability of laminar flow for any given airway. Laminar flow tends to generate less resistance than ...