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Dunn is known as the "father" of the wellness movement. [1] He distinguished between good health—not being ill—and what he termed high-level wellness, which he defined as "a condition of change in which the individual moves forward, climbing toward a higher potential of functioning". [1]
narrow definition of health: that a state of health is always the absence of a definable illness; individualistic: that sources of ill health are always in the individual, and not the environment which health occurs; treatment versus prevention: that the focus of health is on diagnosis and treatment of illness, not prevention
For example, ill health is the only socially acceptable reason for an American to refuse an invitation to the White House. [48] The identification of a condition as a disease, rather than as simply a variation of human structure or function, can have significant social or economic implications.
Hickam's dictum is a counterargument to the use of Occam's razor in the medical profession. [1] While Occam's razor suggests that the simplest explanation is the most likely, implying in medicine that diagnosticians should assume a single cause for multiple symptoms, one form of Hickam's dictum states: "A man can have as many diseases as he damn well pleases."
According to tradition, Hippocrates was born into a hereditary order of priest-like physicians known as Asclepiads. [6] [7] At the time, the practice of medicine involved spiritual and supernatural elements, corresponding to the prevailing belief that health and illness were conferred by the gods. [7] Hippocrates did not share this view.
On the Sacred Disease is a work of the Hippocratic Corpus, written about 400 B.C.Its authorship cannot be confirmed, so is regarded as dubious. The treatise is thought to contain one of the first recorded observations of epilepsy in humans.
Contagious disease, a subset of infectious diseases. Cryptogenic disease, a disease whose cause is currently unknown. Disseminated disease, a disease that is spread throughout the body. Environmental disease; Lifestyle disease, a disease caused largely by lifestyle choices. Localized disease, a disease affecting one body part or area.
In the last chapter, Sontag argued that society's disease metaphors cause patients to feel as if society were against them. Her final argument was that metaphors are not useful for patients, since metaphors make patients feel as if their illness was due to their feelings, rather than lack of effective treatment. [2]