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There is a 15 state Turing machine that halts if and only if a conjecture by Paul Erdős (closely related to the Collatz conjecture) is false. Hence if BB(15) was known, and this machine did not stop in that number of steps, it would be known to run forever and hence no counterexamples exist (which proves the conjecture true).
Lothar Collatz (German:; July 6, 1910 – September 26, 1990) was a German mathematician, born in Arnsberg, Westphalia. The "3x + 1" problem is also known as the Collatz conjecture, named after him and still unsolved. The Collatz–Wielandt formula for the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue of a positive square matrix was also named after him.
Collatz conjecture: number theory: Lothar Collatz: 1440 Cramér's conjecture: number theory: Harald Cramér: 32 Conway's thrackle conjecture: graph theory: John Horton Conway: 150 Deligne conjecture: monodromy: Pierre Deligne: 788 Dittert conjecture: combinatorics: Eric Dittert: 11 Eilenberg−Ganea conjecture: algebraic topology: Samuel ...
The 3x + 1 semigroup has been used to prove a weaker form of the Collatz conjecture. In fact, it was in such context the concept of the 3 x + 1 semigroup was introduced by H. Farkas in 2005. [ 2 ] Various generalizations of the 3 x + 1 semigroup have been constructed and their properties have been investigated.
Directed graph showing the orbits of the first 1000 numbers in the Collatz conjecture. The integers from 1 to 1000 are colored from red to violet according to their ...
A probabilistic proof is not to be confused with an argument that a theorem is 'probably' true, a 'plausibility argument'. The work toward the Collatz conjecture shows how far plausibility is from genuine proof, as does the disproof of the Mertens conjecture.
This is a case in which even the best bound that can be proved using the Riemann hypothesis is far weaker than what seems true: Cramér's conjecture implies that every gap is O((log p) 2), which, while larger than the average gap, is far smaller than the bound implied by the Riemann hypothesis. Numerical evidence supports Cramér's conjecture. [14]
He is known for the Terras theorem about the Collatz conjecture, published in 1976, [6] which proved that the conjecture holds for "almost all" numbers and established bounds for the conjecture. [7] [8] He married fellow mathematician Audrey Terras. [9]