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Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side-effects for people with cancer and their families. In 1983, Coates et al. found that people receiving chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side-effects, respectively. [ 98 ]
HDC aims to maximize the cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, but it also causes severe damage to the bone marrow, leading to a depletion of blood cell populations. The intensified chemotherapy targets the tumor cells more effectively, while the patient's normal bone marrow function is temporarily suppressed.
[12] [25] As with all chemotherapy, adverse effects are common, and many side effects have been documented. [17] [19] Because docetaxel is a cell-cycle-specific agent, it is cytotoxic to all dividing cells in the body. [26] This includes tumour cells as well as hair follicles, bone marrow and other germ cells.
Palliative chemotherapy is used to control (but not cure) the cancer in settings in which the cancer has spread beyond the breast and localized lymph nodes. See metastatic breast cancer. Combined therapies These combine, for example, non-drug treatments with localized chemotherapy to limit toxicity and achieve better results. [3]
Fluorouracil (5-FU, 5-fluorouracil), sold under the brand name Adrucil among others, is a cytotoxic chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. [3] By intravenous injection it is used for treatment of colorectal cancer, oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. [3]
In conventional chemotherapy, a dose close to the maximum tolerated dose is administered in a bolus manner to achieve cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. [5] However, the side effects are often significant as the cytotoxic agents also kill the fast-dividing cells normally present in the body, such as bone marrow cells and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. [6]
It was promoted as a treatment for advanced breast cancer starting in the 1980s. [3] The treatment of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplant had serious, lasting, and sometimes deadly side effects for the patient, including cardiac toxicity, sepsis, pulmonary failure, and nephrotoxicity, among others.
Binding to cell membranes and plasma proteins may be involved in the compound's cytotoxic effects. Epirubicin also generates free radicals that cause cell and DNA damage. Epirubicin is favoured over doxorubicin, the most popular anthracycline, in some chemotherapy regimens as it appears to cause fewer side-effects. Epirubicin has a different ...