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Total body disruption is the most severe and invariably fatal primary injury. [2] Primary injuries are especially likely when a person is close to an exploding munition, such as a land mine. [3] The ears are most often affected by the overpressure, followed by the lungs and the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion. Substances that diffuse efficiently in human tissue, e.g., hydrofluoric acid , sulfur mustard , and dimethyl sulfate , may not react immediately, but instead produce the burns and inflammation hours after the contact.
In the event of a nuclear attack, a human body can be irradiated by at least three processes. The first, and most significant, cause of burns is thermal radiation and not caused by ionizing radiation. Thermal burns from infrared heat radiation, these would be the most common burn type experienced by people.
These waves mostly damage junctions between tissues of different densities (bone and muscle) or the interface between tissue and air. Lungs and the abdominal cavity, which contain air, are particularly injured. The damage causes severe hemorrhaging or air embolisms, either of which can be rapidly fatal. The overpressure estimated to damage ...
Visible reactions such as skin rashes, and swelling and eye redness are common. Exposure to asbestos can lead to Mesothelioma [3] which is a cancer that can cause serious damage to the lining of the lungs. The symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, night sweats and fever.
The most immediate injury caused by asphyxia is hypoxia, which can in turn cause acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as damage to the circulatory system. The most severe injury associated with asphyxiation is cerebral hypoxia and ischemia , in which the brain receives insufficient oxygen or blood, resulting in ...
A hydrofluoric acid burn is a chemical burn from hydrofluoric acid. [1] Where it contacts the skin it results in significant pain, swelling, redness, and skin breakdown. [1] [2] If the fumes are breathed in swelling of the upper airway and bleeding may occur. [2] Complications can include electrolyte, heart, lung, kidney, and neurological ...
There have been many extremely large explosions, accidental and intentional, caused by modern high explosives, boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVEs), older explosives such as gunpowder, volatile petroleum-based fuels such as petrol, and other chemical reactions. This list contains the largest known examples, sorted by date.