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  2. Topic and comment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_and_comment

    זה ze this מאד meʾod very מענין meʿanyen interesting הספר ha-sefer book הזה ha-ze this זה מאד מענין הספר הזה ze meʾod meʿanyen ha-sefer ha-ze this very interesting book this "This book is very interesting." In American Sign Language, a topic can be declared at the beginning of a sentence (indicated by raised eyebrows and head tilt) describing the referent ...

  3. Indirect speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_speech

    In linguistics, speech or indirect discourse is a grammatical mechanism for reporting the content of another utterance without directly quoting it. For example, the English sentence Jill said she was coming is indirect discourse while Jill said "I'm coming" would be direct discourse.

  4. Topic sentence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_sentence

    The topic sentence acts as a kind of summary, and offers the reader an insightful view of the paragraph's main ideas. [3] More than being a mere summary of a paragraph, however, a topic sentence often provides a claim or an insight directly or indirectly related to the thesis. It adds cohesion to an academic text and helps organize ideas not ...

  5. Semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics

    Semantics studies meaning in language, which is limited to the meaning of linguistic expressions. It concerns how signs are interpreted and what information they contain. An example is the meaning of words provided in dictionary definitions by giving synonymous expressions or paraphrases, like defining the meaning of the term ram as adult male sheep. [22]

  6. Grammatical particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_particle

    In modern grammar, a particle is a function word that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning, i.e., it does not have its own lexical definition. [citation needed] According to this definition, particles are a separate part of speech and are distinct from other classes of function words, such as articles, prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs.

  7. Honorific - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific

    The most common honorifics in modern English are usually placed immediately before a person's name. Honorifics used (both as style and as form of address) include, in the case of a man, "Mr." (irrespective of marital status), and, in the case of a woman, previously either of two depending on marital status: "Miss" if unmarried and "Mrs." if married, widowed, or divorced; more recently, a third ...

  8. Vocative case - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocative_case

    However, a meaning similar to that conveyed by the vocative case in other languages is indicated by the use of the particle yā (Arabic: يا) placed before a noun inflected in the nominative case (or accusative if the noun is in construct form). In English translations, it is often translated literally as O instead of being omitted.

  9. Glossary of language education terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_language...

    In English-speaking countries, they have integrative motivation, the desire to learn the language to fit into an English-language culture. They are more likely to want to integrate because they 1. Generally have more friends and family with English language skills. 2. Have immediate financial and economic incentives to learn English. 3.