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The title King of Kings was prominently used by kings such as Darius the Great (pictured). The full titulature of Darius was Great King, King of Kings, King of Persia, King of the Countries, Hystaspes' son, Arsames' grandson, an Achaemenid. Chandragupta I of Gupta, generally known as Maharajadhiraja, i.e., the king of kings.
The concept of kingship of God appears in the Hebrew Bible with references to "his Kingdom" and "your Kingdom" while the term "kingdom of God" is not directly used. [1] " Yours is the kingdom, O Lord" is used in 1Chronicles 29:10–12 and "His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom" in Daniel 4:3 , for example.
The Hebrew form is believed to have derived from the Old Persian name of Xerxes I, Xšayฤršฤ (< xšaya 'king' + aršan 'male' > 'king of all male; Hero among Kings'). That became Babylonian Aแธซšiyâršu (๐ด๐ ๐๐ ๐, aแธซ-ši-ia-ar-šu) and then Akšîwâršu (๐๐ ๐ฟ๐ ๐ ๐ช, ak-ši-i-wa 6-ar-šu) and was borrowed as Hebrew: ืึฒืึทืฉึฐืืึตืจืึนืฉื, romanized ...
In casual conversation some Jews, even when not speaking Hebrew, will call God HaShem (ืืฉื), which is Hebrew for 'the Name' (compare Leviticus 24:11 and Deuteronomy 28:58). When written, it is often abbreviated to ืืณ. Likewise, when quoting from the Tanakh or prayers, some pious Jews will replace Adonai with HaShem.
Zoroastrianism, a possible influence on Abrahamic traditions, [8] includes the concept of a "kingdom of God" or of a divine kingship: . In the Gฤthฤs Zoroaster's thoughts about khšathra as a thing turn mostly to the 'dominion' or 'kingdom' of God, which was conceived, it seems, both as heaven itself, thought of as lying just above the visible sky, and as the kingdom of God to come on earth ...
The Masoretic text reads malkam, meaning "their king" in most of these instances. [4] It is likely that the Hebrew text originally read Milcom in at least some of these instances. [7] The Bible attests Milcom as playing the role of the Ammonites' chief state god in parallel to Yahweh's role in Israel or Chemosh's role in Moab.
Sometime during the development of the Ethio-Semitic language family "m-l-k," the original triconsonantal root for king, was elevated to the generic word for "god" in the form of the broken plural "สพämlak/สamlฤk." During this time period the semitic term for a ruler or lord, n-g-s, began to mean "king."
Some modern scholars have proposed that Moloch may be the same god as Milcom, Adad-Milki, or an epithet for Baal. [27] G. C. Heider and John Day connect Moloch with a deity Mlk attested at Ugarit and Malik attested in Mesopotamia and proposes that he was a god of the underworld, as in Mesopotamia Malik is twice equated with the underworld god ...