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Soman was the third of the so-called G-series nerve agents to be discovered along with GA (tabun), GB (sarin), and GF (cyclosarin). When pure, soman is a volatile, corrosive, and colorless liquid with a faint odor like that of mothballs or rotten fruit. [3] More commonly, it is a yellow to brown color and has a strong odor described as similar ...
This causes disturbances across the cholinergic synapses and can only be reactivated very slowly, if at all. Paraoxonase 1 is a key enzyme involved in organophosphate toxicity and has been found to be critical in determining an organism's sensitivity to organophosphate exposure. [26]
Poisoning by a nerve agent leads to constriction of pupils, profuse salivation, convulsions, and involuntary urination and defecation, with the first symptoms appearing in seconds after exposure. Death by asphyxiation or cardiac arrest may follow in minutes due to the loss of the body's control over respiratory and other muscles.
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. [1] It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant – alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a ...
Beyond their acute toxicity, long-term exposure to organophosphates is associated with a number of heath risks, including organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (muscle weakness) and developmental neurotoxicity. [29] [44] [45] There is limited evidence that certain compounds cause cancer, including malathion and diazinon. [46]
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Pyridostigmine is used to treat muscle weakness in people with myasthenia gravis or forms of congenital myasthenic syndrome and to combat the effects of curariform drug toxicity. Pyridostigmine bromide has been FDA approved for military use during combat situations as an agent to be given prior to exposure to the nerve agent Soman in order to ...
Norovirus, sometimes called the “winter vomiting disease” or “two-bucket disease” — because it causes both vomiting and diarrhea — is on the rise across the nation, even as seasonal ...