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The library was commissioned in the third century B.C. by Euphorion of Chalcis by the Greek sovereign Antiochus III the Great. [13] Euphorion was an academic and was also the chief librarian. [14] Library of Pergamum (197–159 B.C.) (modern Bergama)
The Library of Alexandria was not the first library of its kind. [3] [12] A long tradition of libraries existed in both Greece and in the ancient Near East. [13] [3] The earliest recorded archive of written materials comes from the ancient Sumerian city-state of Uruk in around 3400 BC, when writing had only just begun to develop. [14]
The Library of Pergamum (Greek: Βιβλιοθήκη του Πέργαμον) is an ancient Greek building in Pergamon, Anatolia, today located nearby the modern town of Bergama, in the İzmir Province of western Turkey. It was one of the most important libraries in the ancient world. [2]
Muse statue, a common scholarly motif in the Hellenistic age.. The Mouseion of Alexandria (Ancient Greek: Μουσεῖον τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας; Latin: Musaeum Alexandrinum), which arguably included the Library of Alexandria, [1] was an institution said to have been founded by Ptolemy I Soter and his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus. [2]
The library was founded by Constantius II (reigned 337–361 AD), who established a scriptorium so that the surviving works of Greek literature could be copied for preservation. The Emperor Valens in 372 employed four Greek and three Latin scribes. The majority of Greek classics known today are known through Byzantine copies originating from ...
The Library of the Villa dei Papiri at Herculaneum. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. ISBN 978-0-89236-799-3. Vassallo, Christian (2021). The Presocratics at Herculaneum: A Study of Early Greek Philosophy in the Epicurean Tradition. With an Appendix on Diogenes of Oinoanda's Criticism of Presocratic Philosophy. Studia Praesocratica. Vol. 11. De ...
The Library of Celsus is considered an architectural marvel, and is one of the only remaining examples of great libraries of the ancient world located in the Roman Empire. It was the third-largest library in the Greco-Roman world behind only those of Alexandria and Pergamum, believed to have held around 12,000 scrolls. [5]
The private library of Cardinal Bessarion constitutes the historical nucleus of the Marciana. In addition to liturgical and theological texts for reference, Bessarion's library initially reflected his particular interests in ancient Greek history, Platonic philosophy, and science, especially astronomy.