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In Christian theology, baptism of blood (Latin: baptismus sanguinis [1] [2]) or baptism by blood, also called martyred baptism, [3] is a doctrine which holds that a Christian is able to attain through martyrdom the grace of justification normally attained through baptism by water, without needing to receive baptism by water.
Furthermore, Baptism and penance were also known as the "sacraments of the dead" (in the meaning that the souls of the sinners which are regarded dead before God may obtain life through these sacraments), whereas the other five are collectively the "sacraments of the living". [2] [3]
[188] (3) Integral to believer's baptism is the candidate's mission to witness to the world even unto martyrdom, echoing Jesus' words that "they would be baptized with His baptism, witnessing to the world when their blood was spilt." [188]
Free grace theologies hold that things such as turning from sin, baptism, or perseverance in the faith are not necessary for salvation, but instead hold that these things are necessary for eternal rewards. [96] Free grace writers generally agree that good works do not play a role in meriting, maintaining, or proving eternal life.
In Christian theology, baptism of desire (Latin: baptismus flaminis, lit. 'baptism of the breath', due to the belief that the Holy Spirit is the breath of God [1]), also called baptism by desire, is a doctrine according to which a person is able to attain the grace of justification through faith, perfect contrition and the desire for baptism, without the water baptism having been received.
The Gospel of Baptism. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. OCLC 444126. Kolb, Robert W. (1997). Make Disciples, baptizing: God's gift of new life and Christian witness. St. Louis: Concordia Seminary. ISBN 0-911770-66-6. OCLC 41473438. Linderman, Jim (2009). Take Me to the Water: Immersion Baptism in Vintage Music and Photography 1890–1950 ...
Pelagius did teach Jesus' vicarious atonement for the sins of mankind and the cleansing effect of baptism, but placed less emphasis on these aspects. [ 35 ] Pelagius taught that a human's ability to act correctly was a gift of God, [ 45 ] as well as divine revelation and the example and teachings of Jesus.
Pneumatology refers to a particular discipline within Christian theology that focuses on the study of the Holy Spirit.The term is derived from the Greek word Pneuma (πνεῦμα), which designates "breath" or "spirit" and metaphorically describes a non-material being or influence.