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Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics. It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions.
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. [1] [2] The Penning effect is put to practical use in applications such as gas-discharge neon lamps and fluorescent lamps, where the lamp is filled with a Penning mixture to improve the electrical characteristics of the lamps.
Chemi-ionization is the formation of an ion through the reaction of a gas phase atom or molecule with another atom or molecule when the collision energy is below the energy required to ionize the reagents. [1] [2] The reaction may involve a reagent in an excited state [3] or may result in the formation of a new chemical bond.
The DART ion source is a kind of gas-phase ionization, and it requires some sort of volatility of the analyte to support thermally assisted desorption of analyte ions. [14] This limits the size range of the molecules that can be analyzed by DART i.e. m/z 50 to 1200. [1] [15] DART-MS is capable of semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis. To ...
The Penning mixture used in plasma displays is usually helium or neon with small percentage of xenon, at several hundred torr. Penning mixtures with the formulas of argon–xenon, neon–argon, argon–acetylene, and xenon–TMA are used as filler gases in gaseous ionization detectors. Other kinds of Penning mixture include helium–xenon.
Electron capture ionization (ECI) is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create an ion of the form A −•.The reaction is + where the M over the arrow denotes that to conserve energy and momentum a third body is required (the molecularity of the reaction is three).
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The evaporated mobile phase of LC acts as the ionization gas and reactant ions. If water is the only solvent in the evaporated mobile phase, the excited nitrogen molecular ions N 4 +* would react with H 2 O molecules to produce water cluster ions H + (H 2 O) n. [10] Then, analyte molecules M are protonated by the water cluster ions.