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Chrysanthemums of the Immortal Blossoms in an Everlasting Spring (仙萼長春冊) by Giuseppe Castiglione (1688–1766). In China, they have been around since 500 BCE.In 1630, more than 500 varieties were already mentioned there.In Europe, especially in Holland, they have been known since the mid-17th century, but their general dissemination took place only in the 19th century.
Chrysanthemums (/ k r ɪ ˈ s æ n θ ə m ə m z / kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, [5] are flowering plants of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. [4] They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. [6]
Among garden mums, the most common types are compact and dense "cushion" mums. The flowers may be spidery or look like daisies, pom-poms, or thick cushions of slightly curved petals.
The species was first described in 1872 by Ernst von Trautvetter as Pyrethrum lavandulifolium, with the name attributed to Friedrich von Fischer. [10] [11] [note 1] In 1909, Tomitaro Makino placed the species in Chrysanthemum when describing Chrysanthemum boreale (which he had mentioned as a variety of C. indicum in 1902).
Hardy chrysanthemums convey loyalty, friendship, and joy. This bloom is also one of the national flowers of Japan, where it's the emblem of the imperial family and a sign of health and longevity .
Planted in autumn to give a display until early spring, the plants used for winter bedding are mainly hardy perennials. Spring flowering bulbs (tulip, narcissus, hyacinth, etc.) are also planted in the fall. Winter-hardy ornamental vegetables such as cultivars of kale and cabbage with coloured or variegated foliage are increasingly common.
Members of this genus are sometimes also placed in the genus Chrysanthemum. [2] [3] The genus is endemic to Macaronesia, occurring only on the Canary Islands, the Savage Islands, and Madeira. [4] Argyranthemum frutescens is recorded as a food plant of the leaf-mining larva of the moth Bucculatrix chrysanthemella.
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