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Intensity cannot be determined due to a lack of information. This rating applies to tornadoes that traverse areas with no damage indicators, cause damage in an area that cannot be accessed by a survey, or cause damage that cannot be differentiated from that of another tornado. [4] N/A EF0: 65–85: 105–137 52.82% Minor damage.
[10] [note 3] F5 damage in Bridge Creek, Oklahoma, from the May 3, 1999, tornado. Following two particularly devastating tornadoes in 1997 and 1999, engineers questioned the reliability of the Fujita scale. Ultimately, a new scale was devised that took into account 28 different damage indicators; this became known as the Enhanced Fujita scale. [11]
A unique feature of the International Fujita scale compared to the Fujita or Enhanced Fujita scale is a new damage indicator based on measured wind speeds. For the IF scale , only wind speeds measured at or below 10 metres (11 yd) can be used to determine a rating.
The meteorologists and engineers who designed the EF Scale believe it improves on the F-scale on many counts. It accounts for different degrees of damage that occur with different types of structures, both manmade and natural. The expanded and refined damage indicators and degrees of damage standardize what was somewhat ambiguous.
Although the wind speeds and photographic damage examples are updated, which are more or less still accurate. [citation needed] However, for the actual TORRO scale in practice, damage indicators (the type of structure which has been damaged) are predominantly used in determining the tornado intensity.
Most of the damage caused by this tornado was caused by F2-F3 winds in a primarily residential area of Granite Falls. However, a single F4 damage indicator was given based on the twisted wreckage of an overturned railroad car. The tornado caused $20 million (2000 USD) in damage. [7] NWS: September 20 2000 United States Ohio: Xenia: 1 (100 injuries)
This is a list of mesoscale discussions concerning specific ongoing tornadoes. Convective mesoscale discussions are issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Storm Prediction Center based on the National Weather Center in Norman, Oklahoma.
The tornado caused the most damage in the village of Siren, where most structures were completely destroyed. [ 18 ] 240 buildings were damaged or destroyed by the tornado, and over 100 firefighters helped rescue people trapped in buildings and clean up. [ 21 ]