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Cats are carnivores. The kidney is a vital organ with a variety of tasks. It plays an important role in maintaining the water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, in the excretion of toxic metabolic degradation products such as urea and in the recovery of valuable substances such as glucose, amino acids, peptides and minerals initially filtered out of the blood during ultrafiltration in the ...
Cats require high levels of taurine in their diet. Taurine is an organic acid found in animal tissues. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine. Taurine has many biological roles, such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, membrane stabilization, and modulation of calcium signaling.
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a generic category term to describe any disorder affecting the bladder or urethra of cats. [1] It encompasses around 10 different diseases of the lower urinary tract, all of which can present with very similar symptoms: [2] frequent urination ; blood in urine
Calculi of the gallbladder and bile ducts are called gallstones and are primarily developed from bile salts and cholesterol derivatives. Calculi in the nasal passages are rare. Calculi in the gastrointestinal tract (enteroliths) can be enormous. Individual enteroliths weighing many pounds have been reported in horses.
These conjugated bile acids are often referred to as bile salts. The pKa of the unconjugated bile acids are between 5 and 6.5, [ 4 ] and the pH of the duodenum ranges between 3 and 5, so when unconjugated bile acids are in the duodenum, they are almost always protonated (HA form), which makes them relatively insoluble in water.
Liquid medication delivered by syringe is often difficult to induce cats to swallow. The best way to accomplish this is to immobilize the cats head then slip two fingers at the far sides of its mouth.
"Cats right now have a 67 percent mortality rate," she noted. Forbes said that canned and kibbled food is considered safe if it has been cooked. But if the kibble is coated with raw meat, "I would ...
Chronic diarrhea may be caused by excess bile salts entering the colon rather than being absorbed at the end of the small intestine (the ileum). This condition of bile acid malabsorption occurs after surgery to the ileum , in Crohn's disease , with a number of other gastrointestinal causes, or is commonly a primary, idiopathic condition.