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Bast fiber from oak trees forms the oldest preserved woven fabrics in the world. It was unearthed at the archeological site at Çatalhöyük in Turkey and dates to 8000-9000 years ago. [5] Dress of unspecified bast fibre, Yuracaré, Rio Chimoré, Bolivia 1908–1909. Cycling suit of linen bast fiber, New York, New York, United States, 1908
Jute fibers, composed primarily of cellulose and lignin, are collected from bast (the phloem of the plant, sometimes called the "skin") of plants like kenaf, industrial hemp, flax , and ramie. The industrial term for jute fiber is raw jute. The fibers are off-white to brown and range from 1–4 meters (3.3–13.1 ft) long.
Textile fibres or textile fibers (see spelling differences) can be created from many natural sources (animal hair or fur, cocoons as with silk worm cocoons), as well as semisynthetic methods that use naturally occurring polymers, and synthetic methods that use polymer-based materials, and even minerals such as metals to make foils and wires.
Ep = epidermis; C = cortex; BF = bast fibres; P = phloem; X = xylem; Pi = pith. Linen is a bast fiber. Flax fibers vary in length from about 25 to 150 mm (1 to 6 in) and average 12–16 micrometers in diameter. There are two varieties: shorter tow fibers used for coarser fabrics and longer line fibers used for finer fabrics.
Kenaf long fiber from the bast. The fibres in kenaf are found in the bast (bark) and core (wood). The bast constitutes 40% of the plant. "Crude fibre" separated from the bast is multi-cellular, consisting of several individual cells stuck together. [6] The individual fibre cells are about 2–6 mm long and slender. The cell wall is thick (6.3 μm).
Jute fiber being dried in sunlight after natural or microbial retting. Retting is the process of extracting fibers from the tough stem or bast of the bast fiber plants. The available retting processes are: mechanical retting (hammering), chemical retting (boiling & applying chemicals), steam/vapor/dew retting, and water or microbial retting.
Beans, peas and lentils are lower in saturated fat than red meat, and they contain fiber. Research links greater consumption of beans, peas and lentils with beneficial health outcomes and reduced ...
Fibers collected from the cells of a leaf are known as leaf fibers, for example, banana, [7] pineapple (PALF), [8] etc. Abacá banana leaf fibres drying Abacá banana leaf fibres drying Bast fiber: Bast fibers are collected from the outer cell layers of the plant's stem. These fibers are used for durable yarn, fabric, packaging, and paper.