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  2. Fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation

    Fermentation is used to produce the heme protein found in the Impossible Burger. Fermentation can be used to make alternative protein sources. It is commonly used to modify existing protein foods, including plant-based ones such as soy, into more flavorful forms such as tempeh and fermented tofu.

  3. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.

  4. Cell biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology

    Prokaryotic cells are distinguished from eukaryotic cells by the absence of a cell nucleus or other membrane-bound organelle. [10] Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, making them the smallest form of life. [11] Prokaryotic cells include Bacteria and Archaea, and lack an enclosed cell nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are found in ...

  5. Carbohydrate catabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_catabolism

    In lactic acid fermentation, each pyruvate molecule is directly reduced by NADH. The only byproduct from this type of fermentation is lactate. Lactic acid fermentation is used by human muscle cells as a means of generating ATP during strenuous exercise where oxygen consumption is higher than

  6. Fermentation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_theory

    Even the human body carries out fermentation processes from time to time, such as during long-distance running; lactic acid will build up in muscles over the course of long-term exertion. Within the human body, lactic acid is the by-product of ATP -producing fermentation, which produces energy so the body can continue to exercise in situations ...

  7. Biological process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_process

    Biological processes are those processes that are necessary for an organism to live and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment. Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms.

  8. Lactic acid fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation

    It is an anaerobic fermentation reaction that occurs in some bacteria and animal cells, such as muscle cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ page needed ] If oxygen is present in the cell, many organisms will bypass fermentation and undergo cellular respiration ; however, facultative anaerobic organisms will both ferment and undergo respiration in the ...

  9. Warburg hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg_hypothesis

    Put in his own words, "the prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by a fermentation of sugar." [7] The body often kills damaged cells by apoptosis, a mechanism of self-destruction that involves mitochondria, but this mechanism fails in cancer cells where the mitochondria are shut down. The ...