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For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on Spanish irregular verbs. The tables include only the "simple" tenses (that is, those formed with a single word), and not the "compound" tenses (those formed with an auxiliary verb plus a non-finite form of the main verb), such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice.
the rest of the endings are the usual for -er/-ir verbs, even for the -ar verbs estar and andar. in the verbs with -je preterite ( decir , traer , and most verbs ending in -ducir ) unstressed i is dropped between the j and a vowel: ellos trajeron , yo trajera ...
The ending of the infinitive is the basis of the names given in English to the three classes of Spanish verbs: "-ar" verbs (primera conjugación ["first conjugation"])
To form the gerund of an -ar verb, replace the -ar of the infinitive with -ando; e.g. jugar, hablar, caminar → jugando, hablando, caminando. For -er or -ir verbs, replace the -er or -ir ending with -iendo; e.g. comer, escribir, dormir → comiendo, escribiendo, durmiendo (note that dormir undergoes the stem vowel change that is typical of -ir ...
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Spanish distinguishes the adjective mucho 'much/many' from the adverb muy 'very/quite'. Portuguese uses muito for both (there's also mui, but it is considered old-fashioned). "Mucho" is also an adverb; whereas "muy" modifies adjectives and adverbs, "mucho" modifies verbs, and specific adverbs such as "más"- which can also be a noun sometimes.
Spanish also features the T–V distinction, the pronoun that the speaker uses to address the interlocutor – formally or informally [c] – leading to the increasing number of verb forms. Most verbs have regular conjugation, which can be known from their infinitive form, which may end in -ar, -er, or -ir. [11]
common endings: -ar (especially -nar), -ir (especially -nir), -ur, -nn (especially -inn) no use of character c, q, w, or z except for foreign proper nouns, some loanwords, and, in the case of z, older texts. doubling of consonants common, but doubling of vowels very rare