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Fructose (/ ˈ f r ʌ k t oʊ s,-oʊ z /), or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed by the gut directly into the blood of the portal vein during digestion.
Fructolysis refers to the metabolism of fructose from dietary sources. Though the metabolism of glucose through glycolysis uses many of the same enzymes and intermediate structures as those in fructolysis, the two sugars have very different metabolic fates in human metabolism.
Reducing form of glucose (the aldehyde group is on the far right). A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent. [1] In an alkaline solution, a reducing sugar forms some aldehyde or ketone, which allows it to act as a reducing agent, for example in Benedict's reagent.
Fructose must undergo certain extra steps in order to enter the glycolysis pathway. [2] Enzymes located in certain tissues can add a phosphate group to fructose. [ 12 ] This phosphorylation creates fructose-6-phosphate, an intermediate in the glycolysis pathway that can be broken down directly in those tissues. [ 12 ]
Fructose can be bad for your health when consumed as part of high-fructose corn syrup in processed foods. Past studies have linked high-fructose corn syrup intake to many diseases, including cancer.
High-fructose corn syrup is found in many processed foods, like cereal, soda, and candy, as well as on fast-food menus. ... or agave syrups, work well for baked goods like cookies, cakes, and ...
It is used as a high-fructose syrup, which is manufactured from hydrolyzed corn starch that has been processed to yield corn syrup, with enzymes then added to convert part of the glucose into fructose. [73] Galactose generally does not occur in the free state but is a constituent with glucose of the disaccharide lactose or milk sugar. It is ...
Most monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, and fructose, spontaneously (that is, non-enzymatically) bond with hemoglobin when they are present in the bloodstream. However, glucose is only 21% as likely to do so as galactose and 13% as likely to do so as fructose, which may explain why glucose is used as the primary metabolic fuel in ...