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Fatigue in a medical context is used to cover experiences of low energy that are not caused by normal life. [2] [3]A 2021 review proposed a definition for fatigue as a starting point for discussion: "A multi-dimensional phenomenon in which the biophysiological, cognitive, motivational and emotional state of the body is affected resulting in significant impairment of the individual's ability to ...
In the brain, serotonin is a neurotransmitter and regulates arousal, behavior, sleep, and mood, among other things. [9] During prolonged exercise where central nervous system fatigue is present, serotonin levels in the brain are higher than normal physiological conditions; these higher levels can increase perceptions of effort and peripheral muscle fatigue. [9]
EDS can be considered as a broad condition encompassing several sleep disorders where increased sleep is a symptom, or as a symptom of another underlying disorder like narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, sleep apnea or idiopathic hypersomnia.
To date, human studies have loosely examined the behavioral characteristics of postprandial sleep, demonstrating potential shifts in EEG spectra and self-reported sleepiness. [2] To date, the only clear animal models for examining the genetic and neuronal basis for this behavior are the fruit fly, the mouse, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia). It has distinct meanings and causes. It has distinct meanings and causes.
A microsleep is a sudden temporary episode of sleep or drowsiness which may last for a few seconds where an individual fails to respond to some arbitrary sensory input and becomes unconscious. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Episodes of microsleep occur when an individual loses and regains awareness after a brief lapse in consciousness, often without warning, or ...
ME/CFS causes debilitating fatigue, sleep problems, and post-exertional malaise (PEM, overall symptoms getting worse after mild activity). In addition, cognitive issues, orthostatic intolerance (dizziness or nausea when upright) or other physical symptoms may be present (see also § Diagnostic criteria ).
Sleep apnea is the second most frequent cause of secondary hypersomnia, affecting up to 4% of middle-aged adults, mostly men. Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a clinical variant of sleep apnea that can also cause hypersomnia. [8] Just as other sleep disorders (like narcolepsy) can coexist with sleep apnea, the same is true for UARS.
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