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In the "trace-over method", the sheet of paper containing the genuine signature is placed on top of the paper where the forgery is required. The signature is traced over, appearing as a faint indentation on the sheet of paper underneath. This indentation can then be used as a guide for a signature. [1]
Punishments for forgery vary widely. In California, forgery for an amount under $950 [14] can result in misdemeanor charges and no jail time, while a forgery involving a loss of over $500,000 can result in three years in prison for the forgery plus a five-year "conduct enhancement" for the amount of the loss, yielding eight years in prison. [15]
Selective forgery is the creation of a message/signature pair (,) by an adversary, where has been chosen by the attacker prior to the attack. [3] [4] may be chosen to have interesting mathematical properties with respect to the signature algorithm; however, in selective forgery, must be fixed before the start of the attack.
In cryptography and computer security, a length extension attack is a type of attack where an attacker can use Hash(message 1) and the length of message 1 to calculate Hash(message 1 ‖ message 2) for an attacker-controlled message 2, without needing to know the content of message 1.
Sometimes, forgery is the method of choice in defrauding a bank. There are three main types of cheque forgery: [1] (a) Counterfeit. This is a cheque that has been created on non-bank paper to look genuine. It relates to a genuine account. (b) Forged signature. The cheque is genuine, but the signature is not that of the account holder.
Identity document forgery. Fake passport; Literary forgery. Fake memoirs; Pseudopigraphy — the false attribution of a work, not always as an act of forgery; Musical forgery — music allegedly written by composers of past eras, but actually composed later by someone else; Philatelic forgery — fake stamps produced to defraud stamp collectors ...
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forged_signatures&oldid=425346492"This page was last edited on 22 April 2011, at 15:00 (UTC). (UTC).
The forged items included "cut" autographs with the forged signatures of individuals like deceased US presidents Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. [ 11 ] In 2000, five members of the Marino family and 20 other individuals pled guilty to charges related to the forgery ring. [ 15 ]