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A Pascaline signed by Pascal in 1652 Top view and overview of the entire mechanism. This version of Pascaline was for accounting. [1]The pascaline (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascal's calculator) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
This machine was composed of four modified Triumphator calculators. [31] [32] [33] Leslie Comrie in 1928 described how to use the Brunsviga-Dupla calculating machine as a difference engine of second-order (15-digit numbers). [28] He also noted in 1931 that National Accounting Machine Class 3000 could be used as a difference engine of sixth-order.
A manual adding machine manufactured in the 1950s. Subtraction was impossible, except by adding the complement of a number (for instance, subtract 2.50 by adding 9,997.50). Multiplication was a simple process of keying in the numbers one or more columns to the left and repeating the "addition" process.
For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter, and a bell. [9] The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. It employed ordinary base-10 fixed-point arithmetic. [9] There was to be a store (that is, a memory) capable of holding 1,000 numbers of 40 decimal digits [15] each (ca. 16.6 kB).
The packing number of K, denoted (), is the maximum cardinality of any packing of K. A subset S of K is r - separated if each pair of points x and y in S satisfies d ( x , y ) ≥ r . The metric entropy of K , denoted N r met ( K ) {\displaystyle N_{r}^{\text{met}}(K)} , is the maximum cardinality of any r -separated subset of K .
The Comptometer was the first commercially successful key-driven mechanical calculator, patented in the United States by Dorr Felt in 1887.. A key-driven calculator is extremely fast because each key adds or subtracts its value to the accumulator as soon as it is pressed and a skilled operator can enter all of the digits of a number simultaneously, using as many fingers as required, making ...
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