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The Spartan right was hurled back with a loss of about 1,000 men, of whom 400 were some of Sparta's most experienced soldiers, including King Cleombrotus I. [ 2 ] Wilhelm Rüstow and Hermann Köchly , writing in the 19th century, believed that Pelopidas led the Sacred Band out from the column to attack the Spartans in the flank.
A second reason is the example it set of free men, fighting for their country and their freedom: So almost immediately, contemporary Greeks saw Thermopylae as a critical moral and culture lesson. In universal terms, a small, free people had willingly outfought huge numbers of imperial subjects who advanced under the lash.
The 300 Spartans is a 1962 CinemaScope epic historical drama film [1] depicting the Battle of Thermopylae. It was directed by Rudolph Maté and stars Richard Egan , Ralph Richardson , David Farrar , Diane Baker and Barry Coe .
The earliest surviving record of the Sacred Band by name was in 324 BC, in the oration Against Demosthenes by the Athenian logographer Dinarchus.He mentions the Sacred Band as being led by the general Pelopidas and, alongside Epaminondas who commanded the army of Thebes (Boeotia), were responsible for the defeat of the Spartans at the decisive Battle of Leuctra (371 BC).
For the Spartans that meant a death toll of over 25 percent. King Agis, now wounded and unable to stand, ordered his men to leave him behind to face the advancing Macedonian army so that he could buy his men time to retreat. Diodorus states that the Spartan king slew several enemy soldiers before being finally killed by a javelin. [8] [7]
The Battle of Lechaeum (391 BC) was fought between the Athenians and the Spartans during the Corinthian War; it ended in an Athenian victory.During the battle, the Athenian general Iphicrates took advantage of the situation when a Spartan hoplite regiment operating near Corinth was marching through open terrain without the protection of any missile throwing troops.
Othryades did not die by an Argive sword, and the Spartans could always claim that he survived the battle and killed himself in shame, thus gaining an upper hand due to this act of honor. Both sides were able to claim victory: the Argives because more of their champions had survived, and the Spartans because their single champion held the field.
The Spartans were able to withstand the Epiriote assaults until the arrival of the main Spartan army, led by King Areus I, and Antigonid reinforcements from Corinth, prompting Pyrrhus to abandon the siege. [5] After this failure, Pyrrhus ravaged the Spartan hinterland whilst fending off counter-attacks by the victorious Spartans.
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