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Reserve army of labour is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy. [1] It refers to the unemployed and underemployed in capitalist society . It is synonymous with "industrial reserve army" or "relative surplus population", except that the unemployed can be defined as those actually looking for work and that the relative surplus ...
Benston was the first to argue that women formed a reserve army of labour, a group that could be manipulated in a certain way because women are responsible for the reproduction of labour power. She argued that women's domestic and wage labour were essential to the flow of capitalist production and that women could not be fully integrated into ...
In their article 'Woman and the Reserve Army of Labour: A Critique of Veronica Beechy', Floya Anthias raised questions around Beechey's 1977 article 'Some Notes on Female Wage Labour', while also recognising that it was "the most sophisticated and influential attempt to analyse women's wage labour by using or reconstituting the categories of ...
Out of preceding characteristics of the capitalist mode of production, the basic class structure of this mode of production society emerges: a class of owners and managers of private capital assets in industries and on the land, a class of wage and salary earners, a permanent reserve army of labour consisting of unemployed people and various ...
More intense exploitation of labor (raising the rate of exploitation of workers). Reduction of wages below the value of labor power (the immiseration thesis). Cheapening the elements of constant capital by various means. The growth of a relative surplus population (the reserve army of labor) which remained unemployed.
This economic-based theory of surplus population is often labeled as Marx's theory of the reserve army of labour. Ricardo developed a theory of distribution within capitalism—that is, a theory of how the output of society is distributed to classes within society.
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In sociology and economics, the precariat (/ p r ɪ ˈ k ɛər i ə t /) is a social class formed by people suffering from precarity, which means existing without predictability or security, affecting material or psychological welfare. The term is a portmanteau merging precarious with proletariat. [1]