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  2. List of organisms by chromosome count - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organisms_by...

    The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.

  3. Ploidy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy

    In the case of wheat, the origin of its haploid number of 21 chromosomes from three sets of 7 chromosomes can be demonstrated. In many other organisms, although the number of chromosomes may have originated in this way, this is no longer clear, and the monoploid number is regarded as the same as the haploid number. Thus in humans, x = n = 23.

  4. Polyploidy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidy

    Polyploid types are labeled according to the number of chromosome sets in the nucleus. The letter x is used to represent the number of chromosomes in a single set: haploid (one set; 1x), for example male European fire ants; diploid (two sets; 2x), for example humans

  5. Haplotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplotype

    The haploid genotype (haplotype) is a genotype that considers the singular chromosomes rather than the pairs of chromosomes. It can be all the chromosomes from one of the parents or a minor part of a chromosome, for example a sequence of 9000 base pairs or a small set of alleles.

  6. Karyotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype

    In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23). [4] [5] p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46. So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies. There may, or may not, be sex chromosomes. Polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies.

  7. Taxonomy of wheat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_of_wheat

    Cells of the diploid wheats each contain 2 complements of 7 chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father (2n=2x=14, where 2n is the number of chromosomes in each somatic cell, and x is the basic chromosome number). The polyploid wheats are tetraploid (4 sets of chromosomes, 2n=4x=28), or hexaploid (6 sets

  8. Haplodiploidy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplodiploidy

    Therefore, the sperms are not identical, because in each chromosome of a pair there will be different alleles at many of the loci. But when the father is haploid all the sperms are identical (except for a small number where gene mutations have taken place in the germ line). So, all female offspring inherit the male's chromosomes 100% intact.

  9. Sexual reproduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction

    In the first stage of sexual reproduction, meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced from a diploid number (2n) to a haploid number (n). During fertilisation, haploid gametes come together to form a diploid zygote, and the original number of chromosomes is restored.