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The key is to simply prevent continued intra-abdominal contamination, and to leave patients in discontinuity. A number of different techniques can be employed such as using staplers to come across the bowel, or primary suture closure in small perforations. Once this is complete the abdomen should be packed.
Treatment includes bowel rest, orogastric tube, intravenous fluids, and intravenous antibiotics. [2] Surgery is required in those who have free air in the abdomen. [2] A number of other supportive measures may also be required. [2] Complications may include short-gut syndrome, intestinal strictures, or developmental delay. [2]
Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a nerve entrapment condition that causes chronic pain of the abdominal wall. [1] It occurs when nerve endings of the lower thoracic intercostal nerves (7–12) are 'entrapped' in abdominal muscles, causing a severe localized nerve (neuropathic) pain that is usually experienced at the front of the abdomen.
Symptoms of gastrointestinal perforation commonly include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. [2] Complications include a painful inflammation of the inner lining of the abdominal wall and sepsis. Perforation may be caused by trauma, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, stomach ulcers, cancer, or infection. [2]
The most immediate and effective treatment in the majority of cases is a surgical repair to close the fistula/s and reconnect the two ends of the esophagus to each other. Although this is usually done through an incision between the ribs on right side of the baby, a technique using three small incisions (thoracoscopy) is being used at some centers.
Peptic ulcer disease may cause perforation of the bowel but rarely requires bowel resection. Peptic ulcer disease is caused by stomach acid overwhelming the protection of mucus production. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, and NSAID use. The standard treatment is medical management, endoscopy followed by surgical omental patch ...
Abdominal radiography will show many air-fluid levels, as well as widespread edema. Acute ischemic abdomen is a surgical emergency. Typically, treatment involves removal of the region of the bowel that has undergone infarction, and subsequent anastomosis of the remaining healthy tissue. [5]
Intussusception is an emergency requiring rapid treatment. [1] Treatment in children is typically by an enema with surgery used if this is not successful. [1] Dexamethasone may decrease the risk of another episode. [2] In adults, surgical removal of part of the bowel is more often required. [1] Intussusception occurs more commonly in children ...