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Windthrow is common in all forested parts of the world that experience storms or high wind speeds. The risk of windthrow to a tree is related to the tree's size (height and diameter), the 'sail area' presented by its crown, the anchorage provided by its roots, its exposure to the wind, and the local wind climate.
The United States Forest Service believed that planting trees on the perimeters of farms would reduce wind velocity and lessen evaporation of moisture from the soil. By 1942, 220 million trees had been planted, covering 18,600 square miles (48,000 km 2) [2] in a 100-mile-wide zone from Canada to the Brazos River.
For example, size reduction can maintain the aesthetics and structural integrity of a tree without damage. [8] Spiral thinning and other forms of canopy thinning can decrease wind resistance and allow wind to pass through trees, reducing the potential for branch failure due to wind-throw. Thinning also allows more light penetration and air ...
Damage to service lines: The roots of your trees can grow into service lines, like your water or gas lines, and cause damage. Blocked driveways: If a tree falls across your driveway, you may need ...
Wind-energy advocates contend that less than 1% of the land is used for foundations and access roads, the other 99% can still be used for farming. [12] A wind turbine needs about 200–400 m 2 for the foundation. With the increasing size of the wind turbine the relative size of the foundation decreases. [93]
The poles are then hammered into the ground and a windbreak is formed. Windbreaks or "wind fences" are used to reduce wind speeds over erodible areas such as open fields, industrial stockpiles, and dusty industrial operations. As erosion is proportional to wind speed cubed, a reduction of wind speed of 1/2 (for example) will reduce erosion by ...
Wind throw is the toppling of a tree due to the force of the wind, this exposes the root plate and adjacent soil beneath the tree and influences slope stability. Wind throw is a factor when considering one tree on a slope; however, it is of lesser importance when considering general slope stability for a body of trees as the wind forces involved represent a smaller percentage of the potential ...
Usually a third cut is not implemented in these systems since the trees on the sides of the cuts provide shade and a seed source. [4] This has the advantage of eliminating the need to mark trees for removal as the entire overstory is removed in the second cut. [10] It also eliminates the risk of damage to the regeneration from logging equipment ...