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During Tiberius's reign, Jews had become more prominent in Rome and Jewish and Gentile followers of Jesus began proselytising Roman citizens, increasing long-simmering resentments. [137] In AD 19 Tiberius ordered Jews of military age to join the Roman Army. [137] He banished the rest of Rome's Jewish population, on pain of enslavement for life.
Sources on Pontius Pilate are limited, although modern scholars know more about him than about other Roman governors of Judaea. [14] The most important sources are the Embassy to Gaius (after the year 41) by contemporary Jewish writer Philo of Alexandria, [15] the Jewish Wars (c. 74) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94) by the Jewish historian Josephus, as well as the four canonical Christian ...
The Roman historian and senator Tacitus referred to Jesus, his execution by Pontius Pilate, and the existence of early Christians in Rome in his final work, Annals (written c. AD 116), book 15, chapter 44. [1] The context of the passage is the six-day Great Fire of Rome that burned much of the city in AD 64 during the reign of Roman Emperor ...
No Governor of Jerusalem or Procurator of Judea is known to have been called Lentulus, and a Roman governor would not have addressed the Senate in the way represented. [4] The Roman writer cited the expressions "prophet of truth", "sons of men" and "Jesus Christ". The former two are Hebrew idioms, and the third is taken from the New Testament.
Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
In the second century the Roman historian Tacitus [101] [102] in The Annals (c. AD 116), described the persecution of Christians by Nero and stated (Annals 15.44) that Jesus had been executed on the orders of Pilate [95] [103] during the reign of Tiberius (Emperor from 18 September AD 14–16 March AD 37).
In the later Byzantine state, it became a great honor for an emperor to be hailed as a "new Constantine"; ten emperors carried the name, including the last emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. [314] Charlemagne used monumental Constantinian forms in his court to suggest that he was Constantine's successor and equal.
Eusebius [114] indeed preserves a legend that Philo had met Peter in Rome during his mission to the Emperor Caius; moreover, that in his work on the contemplative life he describes the life of the Church of Alexandria, rather than that of the Essenes and Therapeutae. But it is hardly probable that Philo had heard enough of Jesus and His ...