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Sanitation in ancient Rome, acquired from the Etruscans, was very advanced compared to other ancient cities and provided water supply and sanitation services to residents of Rome. Although there were many sewers, public latrines, baths and other sanitation infrastructure, disease was still rampant.
Nowadays, the word "toilet" is more commonly used than "latrine", except for simple systems like "pit latrine" or "trench latrine". [citation needed] The use of latrines was a major advancement in sanitation over more basic practices such as open defecation, and helped control the spread of many waterborne diseases. However, unsafe defecation ...
Its name is related to that of Cloacina, a Roman goddess. [1] Built during either the Roman Kingdom or early Roman Republic, it was constructed in Ancient Rome in order to drain local marshes and remove waste from the city. It carried effluent to the River Tiber, which ran beside the city.
The ancient Greek civilization of Crete, known as the Minoan civilization, built advanced underground clay pipes for sanitation and water supply. [28] Their capital, Knossos, had a well-organized water system for bringing in clean water, taking out waste water and storm sewage canals for overflow when there was heavy rain.
Name Built Water source Length Aqua Appia: 312 BCE springs 10 miles (16 km) to the east of Rome 10 miles (16 km); underground from its source for 7 miles (11 km), then on arches for 3 miles (4.8 km) to its terminus in the Forum Boarium in Campus Martius: Aqua Anio Vetus: 272–269 BCE Aniene river near Vicovaro, east of Rome
Name Year begun Year completed Length (km) Height at source (m) Height in Rome (m) Average gradient (%) Capacity (m³ a day) [3] Aqua Appia: 312 BC 16.5 30 20 0.06 73,000 Aqua Anio Vetus: 272 BC 269 BC 64 280 48 0.36 176,000 Aqua Marcia: 144 BC 140 BC 91 318 59 0.28 188,000 Aqua Tepula: 125 BC 18 151 61 0.51 18,000 Aqua Julia: 33 BC 22 350 64 1 ...
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Late Roman Athens, Greece Corinth: Corinthia, Greece Chalcis: Chalcis, Greece Aqueduct of Kavala: Kavala, Greece 16th century Mytilene: Lesbos, Greece Nicopolis: Epirus, Greece Patras: Greece Aqua Anio Vetus [4] Pleiades, Italy 330 BC AD 640 Aqua Augusta: Naples, Italy 140 km