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Steel is an alloy composed of between 0.2 and 2.0 percent carbon, with the balance being iron. From prehistory through the creation of the blast furnace, iron was produced from iron ore as wrought iron, 99.82–100 percent Fe, and the process of making steel involved adding carbon to iron, usually in a serendipitous manner, in the forge, or via the cementation process.
The American Steel Industry, 1850–1970: A Geographical Interpretation (1973) (ISBN 0198232144) Whaples, Robert. "Andrew Carnegie", EH.Net Encyclopedia of Economic and Business History online; U.S. Steel's History of U.S. Steel; Urofsky, Melvin I. Big Steel and the Wilson Administration: A Study in Business-Government Relations (1969) Spiegel ...
Steel is made from iron and carbon. Cast iron is a hard, brittle material that is difficult to work, whereas steel is malleable, relatively easily formed and versatile. On its own, iron is not strong, but a low concentration of carbon – less than 1 percent, depending on the kind of steel – gives steel strength and other important properties.
Iron and steel scrap may be added to both the blast furnace and the basic iron furnace. US Steel operates a number of integrated steel mills, including the Gary Works in Gary, Indiana. They also operate the Edgar Thomson Works, which is the iron
Before it was introduced, steel was far too expensive to make bridges or the framework for buildings and thus wrought iron had been used throughout the Industrial Revolution. After the introduction of the Bessemer process, steel and wrought iron became similarly priced, and some users, primarily railroads, turned to steel.
The manufacturing sector therefore provides a very important stimulus to overall economic growth. Manufacturing is also associated with well-paid service jobs such as accounting, business management, research and development and legal services. Deindustrialisation is therefore also leading to a significant loss of these service jobs ...
The $14.9 billion sale of iconic steelmaker US Steel to Japan’s Nippon Steel ends months of speculation over industry consolidation in a move criticized by union workers, but seen by one analyst ...
The "World's Largest Plate Mill," formerly a part of U.S. Steel-Gary Works; History of the United States Steel Corporation, 1873–2011; Guide to United States Steel Corporation. Training manuals. 5342. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Martin P. Catherwood Library, Cornell University. Fortune Magazine 1959 "Fortune ...