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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, [b] also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha [c] until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal [d] from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 [2] (c. 1881 [e] – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and a founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until ...
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – 10 November 1938) was a field marshal, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first president. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's military career explains his life between graduation from Ottoman War College in Istanbul as a lieutenant in 1905 to his resignation from the Ottoman Army on 8 July 1919, as well as his military ...
Kemalism (Turkish: Kemalizm, also archaically Kamâlizm) [1] or Atatürkism (Turkish: Atatürkçülük) is a political ideology based on the ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. [2] [3] Its symbol is the Six Arrows (Turkish: Altı Ok).
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938) 1923: 29 October 1923: 10 November 1938 (Died in office) 15 years, 12 days CHP: 1st speaker of the Grand National Assembly: 1927: 1931: 1935 — Abdülhalik Renda (1881–1957) — 10 November 1938: 11 November 1938 1 day CHP: 4th speaker of the Grand National Assembly 2 İsmet İnönü (1884–1973) 1938: ...
Atatürk's cult of personality was started during the life of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk [1] and continued by his successors after his death in 1938, by members of both his Republican People's Party and opposition parties alike, [2] and in a limited amount by himself during his lifetime in order to popularize and cement his social and political reforms as a founder and the first President of ...
Ali Fethi Bey and Mustafa Kemal at European manoeuvres, 1910. Much has been written about the poor relations between Enver and Mustafa Kemal, two men who played pivotal roles in the Turkish history of the 20th century. Both hailed from the Balkans, and the two served together in North Africa during the wars preceding World War I, Enver being ...
Atatürk's Principles consist of six principles that determine the pragmatic policies of Turkey's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which he put into effect under his administration. [1] These principles came to be the fundamental pillars of the Republican People's Party, the founding and sole party of the country, on 13 May 1935. [2]
The alphabet's introduction has been described by the historian Bernard Lewis as "not so much practical as pedagogical, as social and cultural – and Mustafa Kemal, in forcing his people to accept it, was slamming a door on the past as well as opening a door to the future." It was accompanied by a systematic effort to rid the Turkish language ...