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  2. List of timber framing tools - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_timber_framing_tools

    Tools include dividers, axes, chisel and mallet, beam cart, pit saw, trestles, and bisaigue. The men talking may be holding a story pole and rule (or walking cane). Shear legs are hoisting a timber. Below, the sticks on the log are winding sticks used to align the ends of a timber. Tools used in traditional timber framing date back thousands of ...

  3. Topping out - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topping_out

    It is also commonly used to determine the amount of wind on the top of the structure. A Scandinavian tradition of hoisting a pine tree to the top of framed out buildings had a more functional purpose: when the pine needles fell off, the builders knew the wood frame below had cured/dried out so they could enclose the building. [2]

  4. Construction surveying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_surveying

    Based on the use of the stake they are called alignment stakes, offset stakes, grade stakes, and slope stakes. [5] [6] Survey stakes are markers surveyors use in surveying projects to prepare job sites, mark out property boundaries, and provide information about claims on natural resources like timber and minerals. The stakes can be made from ...

  5. Carpentry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpentry

    Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood and did rougher work such as framing, but today many other materials ...

  6. History of construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_construction

    The Romans had trade guilds. Most construction was done by slaves or free men. The use of slave labour undoubtedly cut costs and was one of the reasons for the scale of some of the structures. The Romans placed a considerable emphasis in building their buildings extremely fast, usually within two years.

  7. Construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction

    The construction industry contributes significantly to many countries' gross domestic products . Global expenditure on construction activities was about $4 trillion in 2012. In 2022, expenditure on the construction industry exceeded $11 trillion a year, equivalent to about 13 percent of global GDP. This spending was forecasted to rise to around ...

  8. Glossary of woodworking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_woodworking

    A hand tool used to drill holes, having a knobbed handle on the top to which pressure is applied and a U-shaped grip in the middle which is used to rotate the drill bit. bucksaw burl. Also called a burr or bur. A knotty, often rounded outgrowth on a tree, in which the grain has grown in a deformed and convoluted manner. burnisher

  9. Hard hat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_hat

    A hard hat is a type of helmet predominantly used in hazardous environments such as industrial or construction sites to protect the head from injury due to falling objects (such as tools and debris), impact with other objects, and electric shock, as well as from rain. Suspension bands inside the helmet spread the helmet's weight and the force ...