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  2. Electrophilic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_substitution

    Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not always, aromatic. Aromatic substitution reactions are characteristic of aromatic compounds and are common ways of introducing functional groups into benzene rings.

  3. Ortho effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortho_effect

    Steric inhibition of protonation caused by substitution of anilines to become weaker bases, compared to substitution of isomers in the meta and para position. Electrophilic aromatic substitution of disubstituted benzene compounds causes steric effects which determines the regioselectivity of an incoming electrophile in disubstituted benzene ...

  4. Electrophilic aromatic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    Electrophilic aromatic substitution (S E Ar) is an organic reaction in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (usually hydrogen) is replaced by an electrophile. Some of the most important electrophilic aromatic substitutions are aromatic nitration , aromatic halogenation , aromatic sulfonation , alkylation Friedel–Crafts ...

  5. Benzene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

    Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a general method of derivatizing benzene. Benzene is sufficiently nucleophilic that it undergoes substitution by acylium ions and alkyl carbocations to give substituted derivatives. Electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene. The most widely practiced example of this reaction is the ethylation of benzene.

  6. Substitution reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_reaction

    A substitution reaction (also known as single displacement reaction or single substitution reaction) is a chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another functional group. [1] Substitution reactions are of prime importance in organic chemistry.

  7. Aromatic compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_compound

    Undergo electrophilic substitution reactions and nucleophilic aromatic substitutions [2] Arenes are typically split into two categories - benzoids, that contain a benzene derivative and follow the benzene ring model, and non-benzoids that contain other aromatic cyclic derivatives.

  8. Anisole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisole

    Anisole undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction at a faster speed than benzene, which in turn reacts more quickly than nitrobenzene.The methoxy group is an ortho/para directing group, which means that electrophilic substitution preferentially occurs at these three sites.

  9. Electrophilic aromatic directing groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    Activating substituents favour electrophilic substitution about the ortho and para positions. Weakly deactivating groups direct electrophiles to attack the benzene molecule at the ortho-and para-positions, while strongly and moderately deactivating groups direct attacks to the meta-position. [5]