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  2. Congruence (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_(geometry)

    In elementary geometry the word congruent is often used as follows. [2] The word equal is often used in place of congruent for these objects. Two line segments are congruent if they have the same length. Two angles are congruent if they have the same measure. Two circles are congruent if they have the same diameter.

  3. Congruence relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_relation

    In abstract algebra, a congruence relation (or simply congruence) is an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure (such as a group, ring, or vector space) that is compatible with the structure in the sense that algebraic operations done with equivalent elements will yield equivalent elements. [1]

  4. Congruent number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruent_number

    if p ≡ 3 (mod 8), then p is not a congruent number, but 2 p is a congruent number. if p ≡ 5 (mod 8), then p is a congruent number. if p ≡ 7 (mod 8), then p and 2 p are congruent numbers. It is also known that in each of the congruence classes 5, 6, 7 (mod 8), for any given k there are infinitely many square-free congruent numbers with k ...

  5. Isometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometry

    In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. [ a ] The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek : ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure".

  6. Corresponding sides and corresponding angles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corresponding_sides_and...

    The orange and green quadrilaterals are congruent; the blue one is not congruent to them. Congruence between the orange and green ones is established in that side BC corresponds to (in this case of congruence, equals in length) JK, CD corresponds to KL, DA corresponds to LI, and AB corresponds to IJ, while angle ∠C corresponds to (equals) angle ∠K, ∠D corresponds to ∠L, ∠A ...

  7. Triple bar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bar

    In mathematics, the triple bar is sometimes used as a symbol of identity or an equivalence relation (although not the only one; other common choices include ~ and ≈). [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Particularly, in geometry , it may be used either to show that two figures are congruent or that they are identical. [ 9 ]

  8. Congruence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence

    Congruent melting occurs during melting of a compound when the composition of the liquid that forms is the same as the composition of the solid Incongruent transition , in chemistry, is a mass transition between two phases which involves a change in chemical composition

  9. Equivalence class - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_class

    The definition of equivalence relations implies that the equivalence classes form a partition of , meaning, that every element of the set belongs to exactly one equivalence class. The set of the equivalence classes is sometimes called the quotient set or the quotient space of S {\displaystyle S} by ∼ , {\displaystyle \,\sim \,,} and is ...