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Labor force participation rate (15-64 age) in Japan, by sex [2] Gender wage gap in OECD [7]. Japan is now facing a shortage of labor caused by two major demographic problems: a shrinking population because of a low fertility rate, which was 1.4 per woman in 2009, [8] and replacement of the postwar generation which is the biggest population range [9] who are now around retirement age.
This is a plot of non-adjusted pay gaps (median earnings of full-time employees) according to the OECD. Gender pay gap of employees in OECD countries [117] Ratio of female to male salaries according to the Save the Children State of the World's Mothers report (2007 data). Each color along the spectrum from red to violet represents 5% of the ...
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In 2005, Japan had a gender wage gap of 32.8 percent, which decreased to 25.7 percent in 2017. Japan has the third highest wage gap in the OECD. [40] The country's long work hours create an environment that reinforces the wage gap because there is a disproportional difference between how much time men and women spend on paid and unpaid work. [40]
Shown are the fractions of the total gender wage gap accounted for by different labor-market variables. "Occupation" for example, refers to gender differences in occupation (i.e. lawyer vs. teacher). The "unexplained" percentage refers to the residual that remains after all other factors are accounted for – it is often seen as discrimination.
GEI and the Global Gender Gap Index measures are conceptually more broad. GEI focuses on socioeconomic opportunities, but it has been criticized for ignoring underlying causes of gender inequality such as health. [5] The Global Gender Gap Index is the most comprehensive, through it in turn has been criticized for being too broad. [5]
Despite major educational gains for women, the wage gap between men and women hasn't changed since the start of the millennium, according to two new studies. One study found that women only make ...
Additionally, looking at 2019 data by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, the average time women spent in unpaid work is 264 minutes per day compared to men who spent 136 minutes per day. [71] Although men spend more time in paid work, women still spend more time, in general, doing both paid and unpaid work.