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The Reichsmark (German: [ˈʁaɪçsˌmaʁk] ⓘ; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948.
By the end of the war, the oversupply of banknotes and coins (RM 3.9 bn in 1933, RM 60 bn in 1945) became obvious, openly showing up in inflated black market prices. From 1944 the Allies printed occupation marks (also called military marks), decreeing that these were to be accepted at par with the Rentenmark and the Reichsmark.
It was worth 1/20 or .05 of a Reichsmark, the same ratio of a modern-day five-cent piece (nickel) to one USD. Made entirely of zinc , the 5 Reichspfennig is an emergency issue type, similar to the zinc 1 and 10 Reichspfennigs , and the aluminium 50 Reichspfennig coins from the same period.
Reichsmark Allied-occupied Germany Nazi Germany Weimar Republic: 1924 1948 German Rentenmark Weimar Republic: 1923 1924 German Papiermark Weimar Republic German Empire: 1914 1923 German gold mark German Empire: 1873 1914 Vereinsthaler: North German states 1857 1873 South German gulden: South German states 1754 1873 North German thaler
The schilling was reintroduced after World War II on 30 November 1945 by the Allied Military, who issued paper money (dated 1944) in denominations of 50 groschen, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, and 1000 schilling. The exchange rate to the reichsmark was 1:1, limited to 150 schilling per person.
In the Soviet occupation zone of Germany (later the German Democratic Republic), the East German mark (also named "Deutsche Mark" from 1948 to 1964 and colloquially referred to as the Ostmark—literally Eastmark) was introduced a few days afterwards in the form of Reichsmark and Rentenmark notes with adhesive stamps to stop the flooding in of ...
Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, earned millions of Reichsmarks (ℛℳ) throughout his political career, mainly through sales of his book Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") and his combined Chancellor's and President's salaries. After coming to power, Hitler made himself tax-exempt.
In 1931, the Reichsmark was fixed at an exchange rate of 4.20 ℛ︁ℳ︁ per dollar, making 200,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ equal to US$47,600 (equivalent to $950,000 in 2023). In Nazi Germany , the use of the Reich Flight Tax shifted away from dissuading wealthy citizens from moving overseas and was instead used as a form of "legalized theft" to ...