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A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [3] [6] Seizures can look different in different people.. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body (tonic-clonic seizures) or a person spacing out for a few seconds (absence seizure
Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. [1] However, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. [1] [2] Non-epileptic convulsions have no relation with epilepsy, and are caused by non-epileptic seizures. [1]
A seizure is a paroxysmal episode of symptoms or altered behavior arising from abnormal excessive or synchronous brain neuronal activity. [5] A focal onset seizure arises from a biological neural network within one cerebral hemisphere, while a generalized onset seizure arises from within the cerebral hemispheres rapidly involving both hemispheres.
In those whose seizures do not respond to medication; surgery, neurostimulation or dietary changes may be considered. [5] [6] Not all cases of epilepsy are lifelong, and many people improve to the point that treatment is no longer needed. [1] As of 2021, about 51 million people have epilepsy. Nearly 80% of cases occur in the developing world.
The postictal phase causes are multifactorial to include alteration of cerebral blood flow and effects on multiple neurotransmitters. [10] These changes after a generalized tonic–clonic seizure cause a period of postictal sleep with stertorous breathing. Confusion and total amnesia upon regaining consciousness are also usually experienced and ...
Apart from their seizure disorder, these patients are otherwise normal. Seizures usually involve facial muscles and frequently cause drooling and difficulty with speech, although the child is aware throughout the seizure. Although most episodes are brief, seizures that occur in sleep may spread to both sides of the body with convulsive activity.
Seizures originate in the occipital lobe and account for 5 to 10 percent of all epileptic seizure types. Generally, this type of epilepsy can have an onset anywhere from 1–17 years old in children, but the patient prognosis is good. Since the event is located in the occipital lobe, symptoms may occur spontaneously and include visual stimuli.
Epileptic seizures occur due to changes in the brain that result in the lowering of the seizure threshold in a particular individual making that person vulnerable to recurring seizures. [7] These changes can be a result of a structural abnormality, brain lesions, or simply a genetic disposition to seizures. [7] In reflex epilepsy, these changes ...
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