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Hepatitis E (genotype 1 and, to a lesser extent genotype 2) is endemic and can cause outbreaks in Southeast Asia, northern and central Africa, India, and Central America. [ 5 ] [ 48 ] It is spread mainly by the fecal–oral route due to contamination of water supplies or food; direct person-to-person transmission is uncommon.
Hepatitis A or infectious jaundice is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), a picornavirus transmitted by the fecal-oral route often associated with ingestion of contaminated food. It causes an acute form of hepatitis and does not have a chronic stage. A patient's immune system makes antibodies against HAV that confer immunity against future ...
Other common causes of hepatitis include heavy alcohol use, certain medications, toxins, other infections, autoimmune diseases, [2] [3] and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). [9] Hepatitis A and E are mainly spread by contaminated food and water. [3]
The pediatric hepatitis outbreak with no known cause may be due to long COVID, a new study finds. 700 cases of mystery hepatitis in kids have popped up globally.
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E. It is of the species Orthohepevirus A. [a] [2] [1] Globally, approximately 939 million corresponding to 1 in 8 individuals have ever experienced HEV infection. About 15–110 million individuals have recent or ongoing HEV infection. [3]
Human, pig, wild boar, sheep, cow, camel, monkey, some rodents, bats and chickens serve as natural hosts. There are two genera in the family. Diseases associated with this family include: hepatitis; high mortality rate during pregnancy; and avian hepatitis E virus is the cause of hepatitis-splenomegaly (HS) syndrome among chickens. [1] [2]
The causes of the diseases are quite different: AIH may have a genetic component, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; meanwhile, hepatitis C is ...
Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly known as lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells, causing the liver to be inflamed.