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Bismuth is a chemical element with the ... , [51] [52] and NaBiO 3 is a strong ... working in the 10–100 kHz range and in magnetic and holographic ...
Coercive force reached 3650 oersteds and magnetic flux density 4800 by the mid 1950s. The material was generally strong, and stable to shock and vibration, but had a tendency to chip. Slow corrosion of the material occurred under normal conditions. [3] The material was used to make permanent magnets for use in small electric motors. [4]
Recent experiments studying the growth of protein crystals have led to a technique using powerful magnets to allow growth in ways that counteract Earth's gravity. [14] A simple homemade device for demonstration can be constructed out of bismuth plates and a few permanent magnets that levitate a permanent magnet. [15]
Diamagnetic levitation can be used to levitate very light pieces of pyrolytic graphite or bismuth above a moderately strong permanent magnet. As water is predominantly diamagnetic, this technique has been used to levitate water droplets and even live animals, such as a grasshopper, frog and a mouse. [16]
Paramagnetic materials are attracted to magnetic fields, hence have a relative magnetic permeability greater than one (or, equivalently, a positive magnetic susceptibility). The magnetic moment induced by the applied field is linear in the field strength, and it is rather weak. It typically requires a sensitive analytical balance to detect the ...
An important effect in metals under strong magnetic fields, is the oscillation of the differential susceptibility as function of 1 / H . This behaviour is known as the De Haas–Van Alphen effect and relates the period of the susceptibility with the Fermi surface of the material.
For example, the high anisotropy of rare-earth metals is mainly responsible for the strength of rare-earth magnets. During manufacture of magnets, a powerful magnetic field aligns the microcrystalline grains of the metal such that their "easy" axes of magnetization all point in the same direction, freezing a strong magnetic field into the material.
The dark red bismuth(V) oxide, Bi 2 O 5, is unstable, liberating O 2 gas upon heating. [6] The compound NaBiO 3 is a strong oxidant. [7] Bismuth sulfide, Bi 2 S 3, occurs naturally in bismuth ores, [8] but can be synthesized from molten bismuth and sulfur. [9]
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