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spec script. Also speculative screenplay. A non-commissioned and unsolicited screenplay or film treatment, i.e. one that is written of a screenwriter 's own accord, usually with the intention of having the script optioned and eventually purchased by a producer, production company, or film studio. split edit split screen special effect
Most modern screenplays, at least in Hollywood and related screen cultures, are written in a style known as the master-scene format [37] [38] or master-scene script. [39] The format is characterized by six elements, presented in the order in which they are most likely to be used in a script:
This image might not be in the public domain outside of the United States; this especially applies in the countries and areas that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works, such as Canada, Mainland China (not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany, Mexico, and Switzerland.
Another early example is Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941), which opens with a series of match dissolves that keeps the titular character's lit window in the same part of the frame while the cuts take viewers around his dilapidated Xanadu estate, before a final match dissolve takes viewers from the outside to the inside where Kane is dying. [9]
A dissolve from The Stranger, directed by Orson Welles, used to indicate a transition in time and place. Cuts and dissolves are used differently. A camera cut changes the perspective from which a scene is portrayed. It is as if the viewer suddenly and instantly moved to a different place, and could see the scene from another angle.
A dissolve (see above) for example, most commonly reveals a passage of time when used within an ongoing scene. The dissolve, by tradition, serves to include intervening time and action. If however, a dissolve rather than a cut is used in a continuing uninterrupted action, its unconventional placement carries psychological implications.
One of the most famous examples of a flashback is in the Orson Welles' film Citizen Kane (1941). The protagonist, Charles Foster Kane, dies at the beginning, uttering the word Rosebud. The remainder of the film is framed by a reporter's interviewing Kane's friends and associates, in a futile effort to discover what the word meant to Kane.
A "Screenplay by" credit may also be used, when the writers for the story and screenplay are different, or in similar circumstances to a screen story credit (either if the work is not mostly original, or in addition to the screen story credit). [23] [28] No more than two writers can share a screenplay credit except in cases of arbitration.