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The strike was prompted by the poor working conditions in the match factory, including fourteen-hour work days, poor pay, excessive fines, and the severe health complications of working with yellow (or white) phosphorus, such as phossy jaw. 1888 (United States) United States enacted first federal labor relations law; the law applied only to ...
The act enshrined the right to unionize, but the system of workplace elections it created meant that unions had to organize each new factory or firm individually rather than organize by industry. In many European countries, collective-bargaining agreements extended automatically to other firms in the same industry, but in the United States ...
A coalition of middle-class reform-oriented voters, academic experts, and reformers hostile to the political machines started forming in the 1890s and introduced a series of reforms in urban America, designed to reduce waste, inefficiency and corruption, by introducing scientific methods, compulsory education and administrative innovations.
E.I. du Pont observed that the quality of American gunpowder was poor, and opened Eleutherian Mills, a gunpowder mill on Brandywine Creek in 1802. The mill served as home for du Pont's family as well as a center of business and social life, with employees living on or near the mill.
Leonard Levy went so far as to refer to Hunt as the "Magna Carta of American trade-unionism," [10] illustrating its perceived standing as the major point of divergence in the American and English legal treatment of unions which, "removed the stigma of criminality from labor organizations." [10] However, case law in American prior to Hunt was mixed.
1930 - Sinclair Lewis is the first American to win Nobel Prize for Literature; 1931 – Empire State Building opens in New York. 1931 – Japanese invasion of Manchuria, start of World War II in the Pacific. 1931 – The Whitney Museum of American Art opens to the public in New York City.
Allentown, Pennsylvania, one of several centers of 18th and 19th century American industrialization Francis Cabot Lowell, whose Boston Manufacturing Company helped revolutionize American factories In the mid-1780s, Oliver Evans invented an automated flour mill that included a grain elevator and hopper boy .
Strikers protested against long work hours and low wages. They demanded a 20 percent pay raise, a 52 hour work week, additional payment for overtime hours, and improved safety conditions. [10] The factory owners, Max Blanck and Isaac Harris, were vehemently anti-union and did not accept the demands. [10]